H3N2 Flu Cases Rise in India: Symptoms, Risk Groups and Prevention Tips You Should Know

This year’s flu season is showing a different pattern. In many parts of India, H3N2, a subtype of Influenza A, is spreading earlier and more quickly than usual. Normally, flu cases increase during colder months and peak in late autumn or winter. However, changes in weather, virus mutations, and human behaviour are affecting this pattern.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), seasonal flu cases, especially those caused by the A (H3N2) virus, are rising in several regions even before the usual peak season.

Rise in flu cases in India

In the Delhi-NCR region, there has been a noticeable increase in flu-like illnesses. A recent survey found that nearly 70% of families in Delhi, Gurugram, Noida, Faridabad, and Ghaziabad have at least one member showing symptoms of viral fever, influenza, or Covid-like infection. This shows a strong seasonal rise in cases.

The H3N2 strain often causes more serious symptoms than common viral fevers. It can be more dangerous for children, elderly people, and those who already have health problems. Knowing the symptoms, treatment, and prevention steps is important to stay safe during this time.

What is H3N2 influenza?

H3N2 is a type of Influenza A virus that causes seasonal respiratory infections. According to the WHO, it can cause high fever, cough, tiredness, and body pain that usually lasts 5 to 7 days. In some cases, it can lead to complications like pneumonia, especially in young children and older adults.

Some children may also have nausea, vomiting, or diarrhoea. Even after the fever goes down, the cough may continue for two to three weeks. 

Common symptoms of H3N2 include:

•    High fever (often above 101°F)
•    Dry and continuous cough
•    Severe body and muscle pain
•    Headache
•    Sore throat
•    Runny or blocked nose
•    Extreme tiredness
•    Chills and sweating

The virus spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. 

Why do weather changes increase infections?

Changing weather plays a big role in rising infections. As winters become shorter and temperatures rise, dust, pollen, and air pollution levels increase. These can irritate the nose and lungs.

In many Indian cities, dry winds and high pollution make breathing problems worse. People with asthma, sinus issues, or allergies may suddenly feel breathless, have wheezing, or chest tightness.

Who is at higher risk?

Most healthy adults recover from H3N2 within 5 to 7 days. However, some groups are at greater risk of complications, including:

•    Senior citizens
•    Children under 5 years
•    Pregnant and breastfeeding women
•    People with asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or weak immunity

In these people, the infection can lead to bronchitis, pneumonia, or worsen existing breathing problems.

Also, during winter, people often drink less water because they do not feel thirsty. But as the weather gets warmer, the body loses more fluids through sweat. Not drinking enough water can cause weakness, dizziness, or tiredness. In severe cases, it can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke, which requires urgent medical care.

Is there treatment for H3N2?

There is no instant cure for influenza, but early treatment can help reduce the severity and length of the illness.

Prevention:

Get the flu vaccine every year: Even if the vaccine is not a perfect match for the virus strain, it still helps in reducing the risk of serious illness and hospitalisation.

Follow good respiratory habits: Always cover your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing. Wearing a mask in crowded places can also lower the risk of infection.

Maintain hand hygiene and stay hydrated: Wash your hands regularly with soap or use sanitiser. Drink enough water to keep your body strong and support your immunity.

Consult a doctor early: If you have a high fever, symptoms that do not improve, or breathing problems, seek medical advice without delay.

These precautions are especially important for people who are at higher risk, such as senior citizens and those who already have health problems like asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or weak immunity. 

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